Health promotion has received increasing attention in rehabilitation counseling research. Health promotion research contributes to theory building and provides the foundation for empirically supported interventions that can improve the health-related quality of life and employment outcomes of people with chronic illness and disability. In this article, the authors present their rationale for developing this special issue on health promotion. They highlight some of the exciting new findings reported in the articles contained in this special section as well as some recent health promotion and disability research. The goal of this special issue is to stimulate thinking and discussion about incorporating health promotion strategies in vocational rehabilitation and return-to-work interventions for people with disabilities.