The Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) are long-standing policies that link cash assistance to low-income families to work effort. A new policy being tested in New York City adopts this "conditional cash transfer" principle and extends it to a broader set of family efforts to build their human capital. Inspired by an innovative program in Mexico and supported by a consortium of private funders, Opportunity NYC--Family Rewards sought to boost family income in the short-term while building families' capacity to avoid poverty in the long-term without increasing their reliance on government assistance. This comprehensive, two-generation approach thus conditioned cash transfers on children's educational progress, family preventive health care practices, and parents' workforce efforts. Family Rewards was designed by city and nongovernmental agencies in collaboration with MDRC, and is the subject of an ongoing long-term evaluation by MDRC researchers. In this issue of "Fast Focus", project leader James Riccio summarizes recently published random assignment evaluation results. The program had more modest effects than had been hoped for, but results also suggest the potential for greater success with program adjustments.