This article explores a Confucian perspective of self-cultivation in learning and its implications for self-directed learning. Focussing on two key Confucian texts, "Xueji" (Record of Learning) and "Xunzi," this essay expounds the purpose, content, process and essence of self-cultivation in learning. From a Confucian viewpoint, self-cultivation is aimed at morally transforming the learners so that they can realise the Way ("dao"). The learning process involves being committed to studying, improving oneself by observing rituals and living ethically, and being guided by one's teacher. Throughout the learning process, both the independence and inter-dependence of the self are emphasised. The article further discusses two major implications from a Confucian interpretation of self-cultivation in learning for self-directed learning. What is recommended is a model of self-directed learning that is underpinned by a shared moral vision of the good and underscores the collective resources and wisdom to promote individual and group learning.