The transformation of education and education systems has emerged as a universal agenda across a broad range of societies. Despite the enormous differences both between and within countries--differences that have been exacerbated by the pandemic--there is a general awareness globally that profound changes in educational purposes, content, and…

The COVID-19 pandemic shocked schools and education systems around the world, affecting educational opportunity. For many students, the pandemic resulted in the loss of knowledge, skills, and previously mastered subject matter. Additionally, many students became disengaged with school, and in some countries the dropout levels rose. These effects…

The role of assessment in education has grown greatly over the past few decades, a trend that has two major manifestations. One is the rapid increase in the number of countries and other jurisdictions either participating in international surveys (tests) of learning or initiating their own system-wide assessments; or both. The other is the…

Curriculum has traditionally been regarded as a rather technical matter best left to disciplinary specialists, educationalists, textbook writers and designers of assessment tests and examinations. More recently, however, the debate on curriculum has gradually moved beyond the technical realm to become also a subject of policy discussion on what…

The implementation of the national curriculum in the Republic of Korea is ensured through curriculum revisions and the instructions issued by the Ministry of Education. The latter are acts of the Minister of Education that must be enforced in individual schools as stipulated in the regulations of Article 23 of the Elementary and Secondary…

The classroom is an emotional place. Students can be excited during studying, hope for success, feel pride in their accomplishments, be surprised at discovering a new solution, experience anxiety about failing examinations, feel ashamed over poor grades, or be bored during lessons. In addition, social emotions play a role and students also bring…

There is a clear conscience today that one of the dimensions of the crisis of education systems has to do with the crisis of the hegemonic models of how to teach and, above all, with the classic hegemonic definition of what to teach. There is also agreement about the fact that the great novelty of the times is that the nation is facing an…