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Potvin, Patrice – Studies in Science Education, 2023
This article presents a critical and systematic review of the science education research literature that explores the response of learners to contradicting information (anomalous data). The review is framed in the cognitive conflict process model (CCPM) and provides an analysis of (1) the types and frequency of possible responses, (2) the…
Descriptors: Science Education, Science Process Skills, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level