Teacher expectations not only relate positively to student achievement, but also to student beliefs such as their self-concept. Nevertheless, most studies focus on the relations with student achievement, followed by studies on beliefs. Beliefs are a significant determinant of academic success and can include student self-concept or emotions, such…

The present study investigated students' academic procrastination in elementary, secondary, and tertiary education cross-sectionally, by simultaneously examining the predictive role of perceived academic context-related factors and problematic social media use (PSMU) in the manifestation of procrastination. Students from elementary (N = 532),…

The overall objective of this study was to investigate the longitudinal association between diffusion of responsibility and pro-aggressive bystander behavior across three time points in upper elementary education. This three-wave longitudinal study included 1905 Swedish students who completed a questionnaire in at least one of the three waves: the…

The present study examined the associations between school-average teacher well-being (emotional exhaustion and behavioral engagement) and school-average student achievement (literacy and numeracy) among a sample of 486 teachers in 39 elementary schools. Multilevel structural equation modelling was used to assess a two-level model, with teachers…

Findings indicate that the perception that teachers have of students' appearance may influence the way they look at the students and thus the quality of the relationship they develop with them. Moreover, the relationship that children have with their teacher may influence students' social status among peers. Driven by these considerations, in the…

Guided by the social-cognitive theory and self-determination theory, this study examined whether moral disengagement is indirectly associated with pro-bullying, passive bystanding, and defending, mediated by autonomous motivation, introjected motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation to defend victims of bullying among early adolescents.…

The few studies about whether parents' implicit theories about ability (ITs) predict their children's academic success and relevant parental behavior have produced mixed results. In response, research suggested that parents' ITs might be more important in contexts that make children's intellectual potential salient. Therefore, we investigated the…

Teachers sometimes learn information about their students prior to teaching them, a phenomenon we call "teacher foreknowledge." This information may be useful, but it may also bias teacher expectations for students in harmful ways. To date, few studies have quantitatively documented the types of foreknowledge teachers receive. When,…

Interactions with classroom friends may be an important contributor to first and second language development, but to date this hypothesis has not been tested. Using a longitudinal design, the current study investigated the relationship between classroom friendships and oral language development in children. In 8 classrooms, we assessed the…

The transition from primary to secondary school comes with major changes in the lives of children. There is a shortage of in-depth analyses of young people's perspectives concerning their fears and strategies to address these. This qualitative study aims to gain first-hand understanding of children's fears and the intended coping strategies used…

The aim of this study was to develop and validate a psychometrically-sound instrument to assess students' perceptions about class cohesion. Two studies were conducted. In Study 1, four steps were established: (1) development of the Class Cohesion Questionnaire (CCQ); (2) item selection; (3) item compression; and (4) exploration of psychometric…

The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of an intervention using indirect intergroup contact for improving intergroup attitudes in schools, in particular anti-Roma prejudice. Vicarious contact--a form of indirect intergroup contact--can be experienced through fictional book characters, who can serve as positive role models in terms of…

Although previous studies have shown the association between students' perceived teacher procedural justice and their aggressive behaviors, there are still mediating mechanisms that need to be explored to fully understand the relationship. This study proposed a parallel mediation model through both legitimacy of authority and through motivation to…

The present study investigated whether the socioeconomic achievement gap in academically at-risk students varied as a function of students' perceived classroom goal structures. We hypothesized that low socioeconomic status (SES) students would be more susceptible to the various classroom goal structures. Specifically, we hypothesized that high…

Roma communities are a disadvantaged minority in Europe which is particularly underrepresented in social and educational research. This study aimed to investigate the predictors of Roma mothers' educational aspirations for their children in the Czech Republic, Greece, and Portugal. Participants included 461 mothers with a Roma background (135 from…