The arguments put forth in the 1930s against indoctrination in American education from the standpoints of the social reconstructionists and of the followers of the Bode-Hullfish position are presented. The only viable alternative to indoctrination was seen to be the study of social problems. These views continue to shape classroom practice. (RM)

Traces early twentieth-century educational reforms that created the social studies as a field to restructure information into knowledge and promote citizenship. Presents the National Council for the Social Studies' skill objectives. Argues the social studies, although firmly based in social criticism, must still evolve to adequately address the…

Discusses integration of computer-based technology into the social studies curriculum. Suggests that the developmental nature of computer integration into instruction makes quantitative hardware-based technology standards unworkable. Recommends the integration of computers into the curriculum in stages based on the degree of training of teachers…

Contends that student alienation cannot be solved by improved instructional methodology or curriculum content reform. Argues that the citizenship education goals of social studies cannot be taught effectively because societal values do not support schools or teachers. Provides five suggestions on policies that might address these issues. (CFR)

Asserts educators have argued about meaning and purpose of social studies since the field's inception in the early 1900s. Contends that reform efforts associated with the America 2000 program focus on teaching factual information from history and geography. Maintains that the proper content of social studies must be persistent and contemporary…