This study investigates the hopes of a group of Finnish of ninth-graders and how hopeful they are. This study also explores how to teach in a way that promotes hope. The theoretical framework of this study combines two different theories of hope, C. R. Snyder's psychological hope theory and Paulo Freire's philosophy of hope. This study holds that…

This article follows Mary Hebron's journey alongside Patricia F. Carini for more than 30 years. The journey begins with the author's first visit to the Prospect School and Center in North Bennington, Vermont, and continues across her work alongside Pat Carini in the Mamaroneck School District and in the Art of Teaching Graduate Program at Sarah…

This piece describes how the faculty of City-As-School used Descriptive Inquiry to generate shared educational principles during the 2020-21 school year during the coronavirus pandemic. City-As-School is a public experiential learning school in New York City serving older adolescents seeking an alternative to traditional high school. Descriptive…

Patricia Carini (1932-2021) was a progressive educator and thinker who was among the key figures of open education. This article reflects on her work, illuminating its quality as an art of listening. The idea of listening has been of primary importance within the tradition of progressive education in the United States and internationally.…

In this article, Himley traces the development of Patricia F. Carini's philosophy of education and the descriptive processes she developed with others at the Prospect School in North Bennington, Vermont. The article introduces these big ideas through publications by Pat and others connected to Prospect--the person as active maker of meaning, the…

A retired public school teacher recollects and reflects upon her collaboration with Patricia F. Carini, founder of the Prospect School and the Prospect Center for Education and Research. The recollections synthesize her participation in annual Prospect gatherings with an eclectic group of like-minded educators and caretakers from all over the…

Patricia Carini valued children's own play and work--writing, drawing, sculpting, building--as a critical mode of meaning-making and learning. Modern education often places little emphasis on such play and work: standards-based programs and projects absorb every moment of the school day, often requiring even more time than is available. Yet…

This article discusses the ways that labeling students can contribute to epistemic injustices. The harms of labeling are discussed, and Patricia Carini's practice of descriptive review, along with her general philosophical approach to teaching and education, are offered as ways of mitigating against these harms. The main goals of this article are…

In a system that increasingly stakes all on measuring success for students, teachers, and institutions against a common testable standard, we risk losing sight of the person at the foundation of our work. Patricia Carini offered a meaningful counternarrative through systematic, evidence-based documentation from observations, interviews,…

Daisaku Ikeda's first published work was "Pestalozzi the Great Educator," published in 1949 under the pen name Shinichiro Yamamoto. This article is a companion piece to the English translation of that work, which appears in the From the Archives section of this issue of "Schools." This article introduces the origin and…