Emotional reactions to peer victimization may increase risk for subsequent peer victimization. In the present study, we investigated whether shame mediated the development of chronic peer victimization, i.e., young people's experiences of being bullied persistently across time. We used a multiple mediation model to test the indirect effects of Time-1 victimization on Time-3 victimization (1 year later) through 4 Time-2 shame-related variables (characterological, bodily, and behavioral shame; shame proneness) for 396 youth (10-13 years of age). The total indirect effect of Time-1 victimization on Time-3 victimization through the 4 shame-related mediators was statistically significant. Analyses revealed specific indirect positive effects for bodily shame and shame proneness. Findings suggest that shame may be an emotional mechanism underlying chronic peer victimization. Impact and Implications: Chronic, or persistent, peer victimization is a destructive relationship problem prevalent in youth and associated with a range of negative mental health, social, and academic consequences. This study found that the painful emotion of shame plays a critical role in explaining why youth who are victimized by their peers continue to experience chronic victimization. These findings and continued research in the area may contribute to effective prevention and intervention programs to alleviate the experience of shame in peer-victimized youth and ultimately prevent a cycle of victimization.