Education 4.0 emphasizes the use of hybrid approaches in the learning process. The use of peeragogy, heutagogy, and cybergogy may engage students in the learning processes in which active learning plays a key role. This study aimed to examine the effect of the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum on active learning practices and their…

This study aims to investigate to what extent critical thinking is manifested in the Indonesian language textbooks used by senior high school students in Indonesia. Content analysis has been adopted to determine whether the tasks in the textbooks encourage and promote students' critical thinking skills. Ilyas's critical thinking framework, which…