Artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to reduce the workload for the second language (L2) teachers and test developers. We propose two AI distractor-generating methods for creating Chinese vocabulary items: semantic similarity and visual similarity. Semantic similarity refers to antonyms and synonyms, while visual similarity…

Examining EFL (English as a foreign language) teachers' beliefs and cognition has become an essential area of research as teachers are seen as active decision makers. This study addresses teachers' beliefs as specific to the strategies they employ when providing corrective feedback to students' writing. Drawing on Ellis's typology of written…