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Morris, Darrell – Reading Psychology, 2023
In this article, I (a) overview the ebbs and flows of two beginning reading approaches (code-emphasis and balanced instruction) used in U.S. schools from 1950 to the present; (b) compare and contrast the two instructional approaches; and (c) suggest some simple assessment procedures that can be used to measure student learning. In closing, I…
Descriptors: Reading Instruction, Teaching Methods, Emergent Literacy, Beginning Reading
Morris, Darrell; Trathen, Woodrow; Perney, Jan; Gill, Tom; Schlagal, Robert; Ward, Devery; Frye, Elizabeth – Reading Psychology, 2018
Grounded in the simple view of reading, this study tracked the development of print-processing skill in high-, average-, and low-achieving readers at six time points across grades 1-3. Results showed large between-group differences in sight vocabulary, oral reading accuracy, and oral reading rate that remained stable from beginning of first grade…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 1, Grade 2, Grade 3
Snow, Amie B.; Morris, Darrell; Perney, Jan – Reading Psychology, 2018
We examined which of two instruments (Text Reading and Comprehension inventory [TRC] or a traditional informal reading inventory [IRI]) provides the more valid assessment of a primary-grade student's reading instructional level. The TRC is currently the required, benchmark reading assessment for students in grades K-3 in the state of North…
Descriptors: Reading Tests, Reading Comprehension, Benchmarking, Alternative Assessment
Morris, Darrell; Pennell, Ashley M.; Perney, Jan; Trathen, Woodrow – Reading Psychology, 2018
This study compared reading rate to reading fluency (as measured by a rating scale). After listening to first graders read short passages, we assigned an overall fluency rating (low, average, or high) to each reading. We then used predictive discriminant analyses to determine which of five measures--accuracy, rate (objective); accuracy, phrasing,…
Descriptors: Reading Fluency, Prediction, Grade 1, Elementary School Students