There is an incongruence of the achievement orientation, on the one hand, and the culture of Black people, on the other. The dichotomy is essentially between the requirements of achievement, which stress individual effort, and features of Black culture, which stress corporate initiative and effort. (Author/EB)

Describes the involvement of Blacks in the American Missionary Association's attempts in the 1860s to educate and elevate former slaves. Chronicles Black teachers' enthusiasm and devotion despite racism within and without the organization, in which Blacks were kept in lower positions and the question of integrated housing was especially…

Reviews the past accomplishments of academia with a primary focus on the assessment of these advancements on the future. (Author/AM)

Reviews some of the possible causes for the current crisis among African-American males, including a crisis of faith in education and problems with public schools. Discusses possible strategies for improvement: whole community response, successful programs, renewed faith in education, and national forums. (JB)

Examines problems that afflict African-American males in education. Looks at the current suggestion that separate education for African-American males may be a solution. Argues that separation is not the answer because of a historical legacy of separation. Suggests alternatives including after-school and weekend all-male clubs and activities. (JB)

Asks whether special education is designed to keep African-American boys out of the mainstream of education and also looks at questions of a passive conspiracy to destroy African-American males and the role of racism. Discusses special education legislation, and argues that African-American boys are not being adequately educated. (JB)

Addresses the problems of African-American males, and argues that a focus on high literacy for this population is an important strategy for addressing the crisis of education and incarceration. Suggests that literacy is essential to African-American males' participation in the economy. (JB)

Discusses problems facing African-American males, particularly in education and including low academic expectation, few African-American teachers, and development of positive self-image. Lists possible actions to take enhanced self-image, increased funding of programs to address social ills, and involvement of African-American males in education.…

Looks at the current plight of the African-American male, exploring the role of the dominant culture, mass media, and low self-esteem. Describes a possible cure, citing five areas for action, calling for year-round school in some urban areas, exploring Afrocentric curricula, and considering rites of passage programs. (JB)

Briefly describes the lives of important African-American women, detailing the challenges they faced and how they survived from Sojourner Truth to Alice Walker. Suggests that the strengths and lessons of the lives of these women may shed light on how to help African-American males. (JB)

Offers an overview of the position of African-American males, the problems they face, and the consequences for the nation and the African-American community. Looks at underclass status, racism, joblessness, national demographic changes, low educational expectations, intermarriage rates, participation in higher education, and career achievement.…