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Direct linkPapay, John P.; Murnane, Richard J.; Willett, John B. – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011
Students receive abundant information about their educational performance, but how this information affects future educational-investment decisions is not well understood. Increasingly common sources of information are state-mandated standardized tests. On these tests, students receive a score and a label that summarizes their performance. Using a…
Descriptors: Investment, Educational Objectives, Outcomes of Education, Standardized Tests
Murnane, Richard J. – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2008
For a variety of reasons described in the paper, improving the performance of urban school districts is more difficult today than it was several decades ago. Yet economic and social changes make performance improvement especially important today. Two quite different bodies of research provide ideas for improving the performance of urban school…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, School Districts, Urban Youth, Educational Improvement
