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Papay, John P.; Murnane, Richard J.; Willett, John B. – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2011
Students receive abundant information about their educational performance, but how this information affects future educational-investment decisions is not well understood. Increasingly common sources of information are state-mandated standardized tests. On these tests, students receive a score and a label that summarizes their performance. Using a…
Descriptors: Investment, Educational Objectives, Outcomes of Education, Standardized Tests