The article aims to explore the main reasons why women are under-represented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) subjects and careers. The article critically analyzes three approaches: educational, feminist, and scientific. This work highlights that the subject "gender and science" has been looked at for at least three decades and the results obtained have not changed significantly. This article concludes that the under-representation of women in STEM has a link with both biological and social-constructivism theory. The possible factors for the dearth of women in the sciences embrace both the influence of socio-cultural factors and the influence of genetics.