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Gardner, R. C.; And Others – Language Learning, 1979
The association between an attitudinal/motivational factor and the acquisition of French oral proficiency is discussed. Eighty-nine Canadian students were satisfied with the intensive French language program while the 65 Americans were not. The sociocultural background of the student plays a major role in the development of attitudes. (PMJ)
Descriptors: Intensive Language Courses, Language Attitudes, Language Proficiency, Language Research
Peer reviewed Peer reviewed
Gardner, R. C.; Smythe, P. C. – Language Learning, 1977
A study was conducted to examine the changes in students' attitudes, motivation and French achievement during a five-week, residential, summer program. Sixty-two students were administered a battery of attitude and motivation tests as well as a test of oral French proficiency prior to, and upon completion of, the course. (CFM)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Communicative Competence (Languages), French, Language Instruction
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MacIntyre, P. D.; Gardner, R. C. – Language Learning, 1989
Literature on foreign language anxiety shows a considerable amount of ambiguity arising from conflicting results of past studies. An attempt is made to show that these difficulties can be resolved given an awareness of the theoretical perspective from which this research has developed. (Author/VWL)
Descriptors: Anxiety, Communication Apprehension, Factor Analysis, Higher Education