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Gardner, R. C.; Smythe, P. C. – Language Learning, 1977
A study was conducted to examine the changes in students' attitudes, motivation and French achievement during a five-week, residential, summer program. Sixty-two students were administered a battery of attitude and motivation tests as well as a test of oral French proficiency prior to, and upon completion of, the course. (CFM)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Communicative Competence (Languages), French, Language Instruction
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Gardner, R. C.; Masgoret, A. M.; Tennant, J.; Mihic, L. – Language Learning, 2004
The socioeducational model of second language acquisition postulates that language learning is a dynamic process in which affective variables influence language achievement and achievement and experiences in language learning can influence some affective variables. Five classes of variable are emphasized: integrativeness, attitudes toward the…
Descriptors: Affective Measures, Second Language Learning, Anxiety, Student Motivation