When students solve an algebra problem, students try to deduce the facts in the problem. This step is imperative, students can draw conclusions from the facts and devise a plan to solve the problem. Drawing conclusions from facts is called reasoning. Some kinds of reasoning are deductive, inductive, and abductive. This article explores the…

Semiotics is simply defined as the sign-using to represent a mathematical concept in a problem-solving. Semiotic reasoning of constructing concept is a process of drawing a conclusion based on object, representamen (sign), and interpretant. This paper aims to describe the phases of semiotic reasoning of elementary students in constructing the…

The trends of teaching mathematical thinking and the existence of two thinking skills (critical dan creative thinking) the required by 21st century skills have created needs for teachers to know their students' thinking processes. This study is intended to portray how mathematics teachers expect their students showing their thinking processes in…

Mathematical representation has an essential role in solving mathematical problems. However, there are still many mathematics education students who have difficulty in representing ill-structured problems. Even though the ill-structured-problem-solving tasks designed to help mathematics education students understand the relevance and…