Legal decisions from the past 20 years that have been influential on the direction of the competency-based and teacher certification testing movement are described. Suggestions for test developers are made to guide them in developing tests that are fair and that comply with legal precedents. (JL)

Legal aspects of the controversy surrounding sex education in the public schools are examined; the issue is placed in historical perspective; and implications for school administrators are drawn. Court decisions concerning the rights of parents, religious groups, and the state to determine curriculum content are summarized. (PP)

Modern educators recognize vernacular Black English as a variety of English that has its own system and rules. However, since most reading materials and school texts are in standard English, reading difficulties are often found in Black children who use a nonstandard dialect. The effects of negative teacher attitudes are described, and…

This article highlights selected mandates contained in two federal provisions assuring the educational rights of handicapped children. Public Law 94-142 and Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 are analyzed to identify mandated requirements relative to the least restrictive environment. (JN)

Enactment of the Education for All Handicapped Children Act stipulated that the mentally retarded, among other groups of handicapped children, be educated in the least restrictive environment. Specialized instruction and related service needs are crucial components to be considered in designing an adequate educational program for exceptional…