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Hua, Congchao; Li, Yee Na; Li, Bin – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2023
This study examined proficiency levels and attitudes of main languages in use among ethnic minority students in Hong Kong. We surveyed 260 students from primary and secondary schools with English as the medium of instruction. They were multilingual speakers who were proficient in spoken English and Cantonese. Our results revealed asymmetric and…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Ethnic Groups, Cultural Pluralism, Self Concept
Ping Zhang; Bob Adamson – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2023
Recent developments in multilingualism and multilingual education in minority-dominated regions in China highlight the importance of policy studies to support the national goals of achieving multilingualism [Feng, A. W., and B. Adamson, eds. 2015. "Trilingualism in Education in China: Models and Challenges." Dordrecht: Springer],…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Geographic Regions, Foreign Countries, Language Minorities
Feng, Anwei; Adamson, Bob – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2018
In mainland China, most ethnic minority students today face the challenge of learning three languages in schools, namely, their home language (L1), Mandarin Chinese (L2) and a foreign language, usually English (L3). Research into trilingual education for minority groups has been most active since the turn of the twenty-first century. This paper…
Descriptors: Language Minorities, Language Planning, Foreign Countries, Multilingualism
Curdt-Christiansen, Xiao Lan – Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 2016
Informed by family language policy (FLP) as the theoretical framework, I illustrate in this paper how language ideologies can be incongruous and language policies can be conflicting through three multilingual families in Singapore representing three major ethnic groups--Chinese, Malay and Indian. By studying their family language audits, observing…
Descriptors: Language Attitudes, Multilingualism, Family Relationship, Ethnic Groups