Effects of knowledge maps, outlines, or lists of key terms on recall by 74 undergraduates (29 males and 45 females) of 2 biology lectures were compared. The hypothesized advantage of maps over outlines or lists was not found generally, but it was found for students low in prior knowledge. (SLD)

Effects of cooperative and individual review of lecture material on subsequent free recall performance were studied with 109 undergraduate students in 4 experimental conditions. Although the cooperative review group did not significantly outperform the individual review group, the direction of mean score differences suggests that cooperative…

Studied whether adding gestalt principles of similarity (using colors and shapes) and proximity would enhance recall of knowledge maps with 45 undergraduate students. Results suggest that the use of color, shape, and proximity facilitated learning by improving the organization of learning. (SLD)

Determined the separate and combined effects of knowledge maps or texts and teaching props (overview maps or outlines) on the learning of two different sets of material in the context of cooperative teaching. Results from 102 undergraduates show that the effects of format of study materials or communication props depend on the prior knowledge of…