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Kannass, Kathleen N.; Oakes, Lisa M.; Shaddy, D. Jill – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2006
We longitudinally investigated the development of endogenous control of attention in 2 types of tasks that involve competition for attentional focus at 7, 9, and 31 months of age. At all 3 sessions, children participated in a multiple object free play task and a distractibility task. The results revealed both developmental differences and…
Descriptors: Play, Attention Control, Infants, Longitudinal Studies
Poulin-Dubois, Diane; Frenkiel-Fishman, Sarah; Nayer, Samantha; Johnson, Susan – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2006
It has been proposed that infants can form global categories such as animate and inanimate objects (Mandler, 2004). The inductive generalization paradigm was used to examine inferences made by infants about the bodily, motion, and sensory capabilities of people and animals. In Experiment 1, 14-month-old infants generalized bodily and sensory…
Descriptors: Infants, Motion, Inferences, Animals
Uttal, David H.; Sandstrom, Lisa B.; Newcombe, Nora S. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2006
An important characteristic of mature spatial cognition is the ability to encode spatial locations in terms of relations among landmarks as well as in terms of vectors that include distance and direction. In this study, we examined children's use of the relation "middle" to code the location of a hidden toy, using a procedure adapted…
Descriptors: Object Permanence, Young Children, Toys, Spatial Ability
Honomichl, Ryan D.; Chen, Zhe – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2006
Relational similarity connects superficially dissimilar objects and events. In 2 experiments, the ability to recognize and respond to similar relations was studied in children ages 3 to 5 with 2 comparison tasks. Children interpreted illustrated pictures that shared perceptual or relational aspects and then made 2 comparison choices and…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Young Children, Age Differences, Cognitive Processes
Dick, Anthony Steven; Overton, Willis F.; Kovacs, Stacie L. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
Children's developing competence with symbolic representations was assessed in 3 studies. Study 1 examined the hypothesis that the production of imaginary symbolic objects in pantomime requires the simultaneous coordination of the dual representations of a dynamic action and a symbolic object. We explored this coordination of symbolic…
Descriptors: Pantomime, Skill Development, Cognitive Development, Children
Kelemen, Deborah; DiYanni, Cara – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
Two separate bodies of research suggest that young children have (a) a broad tendency to reason about natural phenomena in terms of a purpose (e.g., Kelemen, 1999c) and (b) an orientation toward "creationist" accounts of natural entity origins whether or not they come from fundamentalist religious backgrounds (e.g., Evans, 2001). This…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Young Children, Creationism, Thinking Skills
Perez-Edgar, Koraly; Fox, Nathan A. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
Seven-year-olds completed a Posner cued attention task, under both neutral and affectively charged conditions. Compared to the traditional (affect-neutral) Posner task, performance in the affective Posner task was marked by dramatic decreases in reaction times (RTs), an increase in errors, an increased validity effect (difference in RTs to the…
Descriptors: Cues, Individual Characteristics, Attention, Cognitive Processes
Deocampo, Joanne Agayoff; Hudson, Judith A. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
Research on children's understanding of video has shown seeming contradictions. Fourteen-month-olds imitate actions seen on TV (Meltzoff, 1988) and 18-month-olds are reminded of an event by watching video (Sheffield & Hudson, 2003) but 24-month-olds fail at a video-mediated object-retrieval task requiring dual representational understanding…
Descriptors: Imitation, Toddlers, Toys, Video Technology
Bowler, Dermot M.; Briskman, Jackie; Gurvidi, Nicole; Fornells-Ambrojo, Miriam – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
To evaluate the claim that correct performance on unexpected transfer false-belief tasks specifically involves mental-state understanding, two experiments were carried out with children with autism, intellectual disabilities, and typical development. In both experiments, children were given a standard unexpected transfer false-belief task and a…
Descriptors: Mental Age, Mental Retardation, Autism, Cognitive Development
Henderson, Annette M. E.; Graham, Susan A. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
Two-year-olds' appreciation of the shared nature of object labels versus object preferences was examined in 2 studies. A total of 128 24- to 27-month-olds played a finding game with an experimenter during which they were taught a piece of information about a target object in a nonostensive learning context. In Experiment 1, children were presented…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Toddlers, Novels, Age Differences
Cassidy, Kimberly Wright; Cosetti, Maura; Jones, Ressa; Kelton, Emily; Rafal, Valerie Meier; Richman, Lisa; Stanhaus, Heather – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
This study examines the conditions under which 3-year-olds can use the desires of others to predict others' behavior. In Study 1, children were highly successful in predicting the actions of an agent based on that agent's desires when they were explicitly told about the agent's desires, even when the agent's desires were strongly different from…
Descriptors: Preschool Children, Comprehension, Behavior, Conflict
Fivush, Robyn; Wang, Qi – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
We examined how mother-child emotional reminiscing is affected by culture, gender, and the valence of the event. Thirty-one Euro-American and 30 Chinese middle-class mothers and their 3-year-old children discussed 1 highly positive and 1 highly negative experience. Mothers and children in both cultures used a greater variety of negative emotion…
Descriptors: Middle Class, Mothers, Preschool Children, Cultural Influences
Baker-Ward, Lynne E.; Eaton, Kimberly L.; Banks, Jonathan B. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
This research examined the effects of differences in the emotions associated with an event on participants' reports of the experience. Forty-eight 10-year-old participants in a soccer tournament reported their final competition shortly after the game and 5 weeks later. Although all children reported the same event, members of winning vs. losing…
Descriptors: Team Sports, Cognitive Processes, Athletes, Emotional Response
Sales, Jessica McDermott; Fivush, Robyn; Parker, Janat; Bahrick, Lorraine – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
We examined relations among stress, children's recall, and psychological functioning following Hurricane Andrew. Thirty-five children from mixed socioeconomic backgrounds were divided into low-, moderate-, and high-stress groups and were interviewed about the hurricane immediately after the storm and 6 years later. Our primary interest, stemming…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Young Children, Psychological Patterns, Children
Ross, Hildy S.; Recchia, Holly E.; Carpendale, Jeremy I. M. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2005
Our goals in this study were to develop a measure of children's understanding of divergent interpretations of conflict and relate that measure to children's more general interpretive understanding of mind (Carpendale & Chandler, 1996). Eighty-nine children between 4 and 9 years of age heard 4 conflict stories in which fault was ambiguous. Children…
Descriptors: Conflict, Social Cognition, Children, Measures (Individuals)