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Wolf, Mikyung Kim; Bailey, Alison L.; Ballard, Laura; Wang, Yuan; Pogossian, Anahit – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2023
In U.S. K-12 public schools, educational policy and practice for English learner (EL) students center around two sets of academic standards: English language proficiency (ELP) standards and content standards such as in English language arts and mathematics. This study examined the types of language demands manifested in those standards in Grade 5.…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 5, English Language Learners, English (Second Language)
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Solano-Flores, Guillermo; Shyyan, Vitaliy; Chía, Magda; Kachchaf, Rachel – International Multilingual Research Journal, 2023
We examined semiotic exchangeability in pop-up glossary translations and illustrations used as supports for second language learners (SLLs) in computer-administered mathematics tests. In a sample of 516 mathematics items, Grades 3-8 and 11, from a large-scale assessment program in the US, test developers identified terms that could be translated…
Descriptors: Mathematics Tests, Testing Accommodations, Test Items, Semiotics