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Direct linkWang, Tzu-Ling; Tseng, Yi-Kuan – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2018
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relative effectiveness of experimenting with physical manipulatives alone, virtual manipulatives alone, and virtual preceding physical manipulatives (combination environment) on third-grade students' science achievement and conceptual understanding in the domain of state changes of water, focusing…
Descriptors: Manipulative Materials, Computer Simulation, Grade 3, Elementary School Students
Romance, Nancy; Vitale, Michael – International Journal of Science and Mathematics Education, 2017
Reported are the results of a multiyear study in which reading comprehension and writing were integrated within an in-depth science instructional model (Science IDEAS) in daily 1.5 to 2 h daily lessons on a schoolwide basis in grades 3-4-5. Multilevel (HLM7) achievement findings showed the experimental intervention resulted in significant and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Science, Models, Scientific Literacy, Science Achievement
