Purpose: The learning environment is not a vacuum, but rather is rich in social contexts with innumerable points, interests, and beliefs. This takes one of the concepts of "social learning" which is not just a natural occurring phenomenon but also a way of organizing learning and communities of learners. Social Learning (SL) tends to…

Purpose: This study investigates the construct validity and reliability of the Italian version of the Teachers' Self-Efficacy Scale (TSES) developed by Tschannen-Moran and Hoy (2001) and contributes to existing research aimed at exploring the elements and variables that influence teachers' self-efficacy levels. Design/methodology/approach: The…

Purpose: This study examined how cultural factors positively or negatively influenced women's access to the principal role and influenced their leadership experiences. The researchers used Hofstede (2011) six dimensions of national culture as a conceptual framework. The Hofstede (2011) model of national culture consists of six dimensions (6D) that…

Purpose: The paper aims to explore the role and the involvement of local community within the context of Malaysian early childhood centers (nursery and kindergarten). Design/methodology/approach: The research used a mixed method with a questionnaire survey in the first phase and qualitative interviews in the second phase. Quantitative data were…