Traces changing concepts of what constituted useful knowledge, especially as revealed in journals, in the United States from 1776 to 1840. Identifies a widening knowledge gap--corresponding with industrialization--between increasingly elitist, specialized learned societies and mechanics/farmers. Argues that as science grew more professionalized,…

Examines the introduction of compulsory school attendance in the Birmingham Jewellery Quarter (England) following the 1870 Education Act in order to explore class relations and the role of education. Demonstrates the significance of viewing children and parents as agents who initiate activities relative to compulsory school requirements. (KO)

Explores the extent to which diverse school populations truly benefited from the creation of a mass system of public high schools in Australia. Uses the Melbourne Public High School to assess the higher drop-out rate for girls and the influence of social class on access to a high school education. (KO)

Discusses the initial integration of African American scholars into U.S. higher educational institutions after World War II. Concludes that the practices of the post-World War II era placed a badge of inferiority on African American scholars at traditionally white universities that continues today. (CFR)