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Peer reviewed
Gutowski, Thomas W. – History of Education Quarterly, 1988
Describes the growth of extracurricular activities in Chicago, Illinois high schools in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Examines the origins and membership of student clubs and the emergence of systematic educator involvement in them, which established adult control and discipline. Discusses implications for the ongoing study of…
Descriptors: Athletics, Clubs, Educational History, Extracurricular Activities
Peer reviewed
Daniel, Philip T. K. – History of Education Quarterly, 1980
Examines the historical integration-segregation dilemma from the passage of the first Illinois school law in 1825 to the solidification of the segregation era in the 1930s. Discusses structural impediments to Black students' academic achievement and identifies forces which sought to establish a vocational education caste system for Blacks.…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Blacks, Educational History, Racial Discrimination