This article presents some of the main results from the project about early childhood and adolescent education of Nobel laureates in science: the exceptional roles of parents and of teachers in developing scientific talent. Winning a Nobel Prize represents the pinnacle of accomplishment possible in one's field of expertise. Despite the ever-increasing role of science in society and the importance of Nobel laureates in contemporary science, it should be acknowledged that their childhood and adolescent education has never been studied. The discovery of principles involved in the educational development of Nobel laureates will allow educators to accordingly improve, develop, modify and transcend areas in the current curriculum in an attempt to cultivate scientific talent, of Nobel calibre, in future generations.