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Download full textZhao, Bo – Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2021
Connecticut's public K-12 education system relies heavily on local funding, resulting in substantial disparities between affluent districts and low-income districts with a large proportion of socioeconomically disadvantaged students who are more costly to educate. Despite recent improvements, the existing state aid formula has been criticized for…
Descriptors: State Aid, Funding Formulas, School Districts, Elementary Secondary Education
Bradbury, Katharine – Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2021
Test-score data show that both low-income and racial-minority children score lower, on average, on states' elementary-school accountability tests compared with higher-income children or white children. This report explores the relationship between racial and socioeconomic test-score gaps in New England metropolitan areas and two factors associated…
Descriptors: Tests, Scores, Geographic Regions, Metropolitan Areas
Zhao, Bo – Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2020
After being sued for inequity and inadequacy in school funding, many states have reformed their education aid policies. Using Connecticut as an example, this paper shows how to design a state education aid formula that can effectively address funding inequity and inadequacy while taking political feasibility into account. It first develops a…
Descriptors: State Aid, Funding Formulas, School Districts, Elementary Secondary Education
Sullivan, Riley – Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2020
The abrupt closing of college campuses this spring due to the spread of COVID-19 upended the lives of students and their families and disrupted the higher education sector. The impact of these closures and the questions of whether and how to reopen campuses this fall have been widely discussed. Less attention has been paid to the potential…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, School Closing, Economic Impact
Zhao, Bo – Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2020
Facing legal challenges and public pressures, Connecticut needs an objective and rigorous study of its public education costs. This study is the first to estimate the cost function of Connecticut public K-12 education and to evaluate the equity and the adequacy in the state's school spending based on regression-estimated education costs. It finds…
Descriptors: Public Education, Elementary Secondary Education, Costs, Educational Finance
Zhao, Bo – Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, 2019
Public higher education produces many benefits that are vital to the New England economy, but it is increasingly at risk following years of state budget cuts. In 2017 in New England, real per-student state funding for higher education was lower than it was in 2008, with a double-digit decline in each of the region's states except Maine. States…
Descriptors: Educational Finance, State Aid, Retrenchment, Budgeting
