The feelings of difficulty and familiarity (FOD and FOF) are two types of metacognitive experiences. Both may influence student engagement and the application of metacognitive strategies, but these relationships are not well understood, in part because many studies have relied on self-report measures of behaviors that may not accurately reflect…

Feedback plays an important role in self-regulated learning. However, little is known about how students' feedback perception affects their self-regulation process in learning. This study adopted the social cognitive perspective to investigate how students' feedback perception is related to their self-regulated learning, along with the mediating…

The present study complements previous research findings with new data to improve our understanding of the relationship between motivational variables and academic performance in math mediated by self-regulated learning (SRL). A structural equation model with predictor (i.e., grade retention, grade level, and study time), process (i.e., perceived…