Three basic European educational systems are distinguished: state-financed and -controlled system; non-state system that does not rely solely on public financing or management; and private education, dependent on various systems of finance and/or indirect subsidy and controlled by proprietors. The history and problems of private education are…

The historical and present relationship of church and state in Irish education and the educational policies of the churches and the responses of the political system are examined. Some policy issues are analyzed to illustrate the educational policy process and the place of churches in it. (MSE)

The recent history of the Israeli educational system, particularly its trend toward decentralization, is used to test some common assumptions about the need for centralization to achieve control in times of fiscal constraint, need for improvement, and non-implementation of central policies. (MSE)