In this article, we discuss the recent evolutions of science and engineering doctoral and postdoctoral education in Europe. Indeed, Ph.Ds are crucial to the conduct of research and innovation in the national innovation systems, as they provide a large amount of input into creating the competitive advantage, notably through basic research. First,…

The West German debate over state-controlled higher education planning versus market-oriented competition is examined in the context of recent West German educational history, actions taken by the federal government and science council, institutional reactions, and research on the use of performance indicators. (MSE)

The variety of conventional and creative responses of U.S. higher education institutions to declining enrollments and related educational change is outlined, and the shift in the role of state governments in higher education is discussed. (MSE)

The meaning and dimensions of "leadership" in universities are examined, the role of the American college president is contrasted with that of his European counterparts, and the historical sources of the American university president's unique role are traced. (MSE)

A review of the state of computer use in education includes elementary and secondary education, teacher training, the computer and publishing industries' responses, higher education, home computer use, state and federal policies and programs, current federal projects and trends, and computer use in education as part of a larger social context.…

International education in the United States is a cluster of concepts in a variety of institutional patterns: technical assistance, comparative education, cultural exchange, languages, area studies, and education for global understanding. The idealistic side will have little legislative support in the 1980s, but the pragmatic side promises to…

The problem of overqualification is related to the educational aspirations in a comparative cross-national study using data collected in opinion surveys in four European countries (Finland, France, Federal Republic of Germany, and Poland) and the United States. (JMF)

A study examined patterns in college student mobility between the United States and European countries, including size and direction of flow and patterns in student characteristics. Emphasis is on differences between American and European sides of the system. Development and significance of a new program for cooperation and mobility in…

The emergence of interest in the quantitative, structural, and administrative aspects of higher education as a field of study is chronicled, and comparisons are made in the ways the institutional research field developed in the United States and Western Europe. (MSE)

A review of vocational education trends in Western Europe and Japan covers the following: curriculum and program structure, alternatives, cooperative education, on-the-job training, enrollments, admission, curriculum content, skills other than strictly occupational, mechanisms for curriculum development, and efficiency of training. (MSE)

The paper looks at part-time higher educational services for students in the educational systems of Australia, Canada, Germany, France, Italy, Japan, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Spain, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. A comparative examination of the nature and importance of part-time higher education is then presented. (DB)

A cross-cultural training seminar involving French, German, and American language teachers is described. The program was designed to examine the influence of teachers' cultural perceptions on selection of authentic instructional materials, sources of linguistic misunderstandings, and teachers' strategies for resolving cultural conflict. (MSE)

The need to formalize codes of ethics for teachers, with the objective of finding an appropriate balance between professional autonomy and accountability, is discussed. Sample codes from the United States, Germany, and Switzerland are examined and interpreted. The role of ethics in educational reform, relationship of ethics to other teacher…