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Short, Paula M.; Rinehart, James S. – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1992
Three studies involving 79 teacher leaders, 4 school empowerment experts, and 387 secondary school teachers indicate that the 38-item School Participant Empowerment Scale (SPES) may tap 6 dimensions of empowerment within the school organization identified in the literature. The SPES effectively measures perceived empowerment in school settings.…
Descriptors: Attitude Measures, Decision Making, Educational Environment, Factor Analysis