Two techniques for writing achievement test items to accompany instructional materials are contrasted: writing items from statements of instructional objectives, and writing items from semi-automated rules for transforming instructional statements. Both systems resulted in about the same number of faulty items. (Author/JKS)

When determining criterion-referenced test length, problems of guessing are shown to be more serious than expected. A new method of scoring is presented that corrects for guessing without assuming that guessing is random. Empirical investigations of the procedure are examined. Test length can be substantially reduced. (Author/CM)