Two alternatives to traditional item analysis and reliability estimation procedures are considered for determining the difficulty, discrimination, and reliability of optional items on essay and other tests. A computer program to compute these measures is described, and illustrations are given. (SLD)

Three dozen observations and recommendations concerning the activities of research consultants in the behavioral sciences are listed and discussed. These guidelines, some stated as aphorisms, are discussed in the categories of planning; implementation; analysis; interpretation; and reporting. (Author/SLD)

The computation and determination of the statistical significance of three coefficients of interpersonal attractiveness or cohesiveness in task-oriented or social groups are described. The approach is based on ratings made by each member of a group of all other group members. Experience using the technique is reviewed. (SLD)