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Boonen, Tinneke; Pinxten, Maarten; Van Damme, Jan; Onghena, Patrick – Educational Research and Evaluation, 2014
Academic emphasis, collective efficacy, and faculty trust in students and parents (3 school characteristics positively associated with student achievement) are assumed to form a higher order latent construct, "academic optimism" (Hoy, Tarter, & Woolfolk Hoy, 2006a, 2006b). The aim of the present study is to corroborate the latent…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Factor Analysis, Grade 5, Foreign Countries