Differences in test scores can be attributed to various causes, including genuine knowledge differences, test-taking abilities, and irrelevant and biased questions. The Golden Rule reform is a safeguard to ensure that standardized tests measure relevant knowledge differences between test takers and not irrelevant, culturally specific factors. (JAZ)

The issues and implications of state policies in teacher candidate testing meant to improve instruction, competence and the education system are reviewed. Arguments for teacher testing as quality controls and to increase public confidence in schools; guidelines to consider before implementing programs; and testing alternatives are discussed. (CM)

The rationale for the role of state educational agencies in certifying teachers, the National Teacher Examinations (NTE) program and the new NTE Core Battery are discussed. State certification in Arkansas, Florida and Oklahoma, Louisiana's consideration, and the District Court of South Carolina decision concerning NTE use for certification are…