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Varpanen, Jan – Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2021
In early childhood education, the concept of distributed leadership has emerged as a key analytical tool for understanding leadership as well as a normative guide for what leadership should be. The concept originates in Peter Gronn's work, where it is positioned as overcoming the structure-agency debate, which is a foundational question in the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Early Childhood Education, Administrator Attitudes, Instructional Leadership
Hallinger, Philip; Hosseingholizadeh, Rezvan – Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 2020
The purpose of this study is to understand and describe patterns of principal instructional leadership practice in Iranian primary schools and to then assess whether there are differences between the high- and low-rated principals. A mixed methods design was used to collect both qualitative and quantitative data from principals and teachers within…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Instructional Leadership, Elementary Schools, Elementary School Teachers