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Cramer, Elizabeth; Little, Mary E.; McHatton, Patricia Alvarez – Education and Urban Society, 2018
In the more than 60 years since the "Brown v. Board of Education" ruling, the United States has been struggling to assure educational equality for all learners. This article will review how attempts at equality such as accountability and standardization movements have failed to close opportunity gaps for vulnerable and marginalized…
Descriptors: Equal Education, Educational Opportunities, Accountability, Special Education
McPherson, Ezella – Education and Urban Society, 2010
The U.S. District of Columbia's Federal Circuit Court decision in "Hobson v. Hanson" (1967) case eliminated racial discriminatory tracking practices in the nation's capitol's public schools. The court ruled that D.C. Public Schools' tracking violated African American and low income students' rights to equal opportunities to education…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Public Schools, Equal Education, Court Litigation
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Hawley, Willis D. – Education and Urban Society, 1983
Proposes a framework for determining whether federal, state, or local governments should perform certain functions in education. Applies this framework to two areas--curriculum reform and enhanced educational opportunities for children with special needs--and suggests directions for federal policy in these areas. (GC)
Descriptors: Curriculum Development, Educational Opportunities, Educational Policy, Elementary Secondary Education