Technological progress has a significant impact on higher education and increases the popularity of artificial intelligence technologies in universities of different countries. This research was based at Tianshui Normal University in China. The authors examined the impact of an interactive learning environment based on artificial intelligence in the context of the preservation of important cognitive functions such as IQ as well as long-term and short-term memory. This research enrolled 539 s-year students. The experimental group (N = 322) consisted of students of the Faculty of Music, who have been studying music for more than one year using artificial intelligence technologies such as mobile applications, video games, music simulators, etc. The control group (N = 217) consisted of students of the Faculty of Arts, who never used the potential of the interactive educational environment during their studies. "Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV)" was chosen as the main method. The test results showed that students in the control and experimental groups averaged the same normal intelligence (97.61). At the same time, there was no significant intergroup difference on all four scales: verbal comprehension, perceptual thinking, working memory, and information processing speed (P [greater than or equal to] 0.05). It has been found that students in both groups equally rarely reported problems in terms of long-term or short-term memory (P [greater than or equal to] 0.05). The findings can be used to intensify the scientific discussion about the threats and developmental potential of artificial intelligence in higher education.