First it was changes to pay, then evaluation systems, and then tenure laws. Now, lawmakers in several states are challenging collective bargaining, the foundation of teacher unionism. Leaders in Idaho, Indiana, and Tennessee are proposing bills that would limit what, if anything, teachers' unions could negotiate. None of the proposals has yet passed its respective legislative chambers, but they are emerging in what may be a particularly favorable political climate, given the rightward shift in many state capitals as a result of the November elections. Teachers' unions are already defending many hard-won policies, such as due process procedures granted to teachers who earn tenure. If enacted, the proposals would tilt decisionmaking on policy decisively toward school leaders just as they are coming under increasing pressure to become more nimble and purposeful with spending.