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Direct linkRebecca A. Marks; Courtney Pollack; Steven L. Meisler; Anila M. D'Mello; Tracy M. Centanni; Rachel R. Romeo; Karolina Wade; Anna A. Matejko; Daniel Ansari; John D. E. Gabrieli; Joanna A. Christodoulou – Developmental Science, 2024
Children with dyslexia frequently also struggle with math. However, studies of reading disability (RD) rarely assess math skill, and the neurocognitive mechanisms underlying co-occurring reading and math disability (RD+MD) are not clear. The current study aimed to identify behavioral and neurocognitive factors associated with co-occurring MD among…
Descriptors: Dyslexia, Executive Function, Visual Perception, Spatial Ability
Enge, Alexander; Kapoor, Shreya; Kieslinger, Anne-Sophie; Skeide, Michael A. – Developmental Science, 2023
Mental rotation, the cognitive process of moving an object in mind to predict how it looks in a new orientation, is coupled to intelligence, learning, and educational achievement. On average, adolescent and adult males solve mental rotation tasks slightly better (i.e., faster and/or more accurate) than females. When such behavioral differences…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability, Age Differences
Dutra, Natália B.; Chen, Lydia; Anum, Adote; Burger, Oskar; Davis, Helen E.; Dzokoto, Vivian A.; Fong, Frankie T. K.; Ghelardi, Sabrina; Mendez, Kimberly; Messer, Emily J. E.; Newhouse, Morgan; Nielsen, Mark G.; Ramos, Karlos; Rawlings, Bruce; dos Santos, Renan A. C.; Silveira, Lara G. S.; Tucker-Drob, Elliot M.; Legare, Cristine H. – Developmental Science, 2022
Self-regulation is a widely studied construct, generally assumed to be cognitively supported by executive functions (EFs). There is a lack of clarity and consensus over the roles of specific components of EFs in self-regulation. The current study examines the relations between performance on (a) a self-regulation task (Heads, Toes, Knees Shoulders…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Self Control, Short Term Memory, Visual Perception
Di Giorgio, Elisa; Lunghi, Marco; Rugani, Rosa; Regolin, Lucia; Dalla Barba, Beatrice; Vallortigara, Giorgio; Simion, Francesca – Developmental Science, 2019
Humans represent numbers on a mental number line with smaller numbers on the left and larger numbers on the right side. A left-to-right oriented spatial-numerical association, (SNA), has been demonstrated in animals and infants. However, the possibility that SNA is learnt by early exposure to caregivers' directional biases is still open. We…
Descriptors: Numbers, Cognitive Processes, Spatial Ability, Neonates
Constantinescu, Mihaela; Moore, David S.; Johnson, Scott P.; Hines, Melissa – Developmental Science, 2018
Some cognitive abilities exhibit reliable gender differences, with females outperforming males in specific aspects of verbal ability, and males showing an advantage on certain spatial tasks. Among these cognitive gender differences, differences in mental rotation are the most robust, and appear to be present even in infants. A large body of animal…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Infants, Gender Differences, Spatial Ability
Margolis, Amy E.; Davis, Katie S.; Pao, Lisa S.; Lewis, Amy; Yang, Xiao; Tau, Gregory; Zhao, Guihu; Wang, Zhishun; Marsh, Rachel – Developmental Science, 2018
Verbal--spatial discrepancies are common in healthy individuals and in those with neurodevelopmental disorders associated with cognitive control deficits including: Autism Spectrum Disorder, Non-Verbal Learning Disability, Fragile X, 22q11 deletion, and Turner Syndrome. Previous data from healthy individuals suggest that the magnitude of the…
Descriptors: Verbal Ability, Spatial Ability, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Tillman, Katharine A.; Tulagan, Nestor; Fukuda, Eren; Barner, David – Developmental Science, 2018
When reasoning about time, English-speaking adults often invoke a "mental timeline" stretching from left to right. Although the direction of the timeline varies across cultures, the tendency to represent time as a line has been argued to be ubiquitous and primitive. On this hypothesis, we might predict that children also spontaneously…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Cognitive Processes, Time, Schemata (Cognition)
Gazes, Regina Paxton; Hampton, Robert R.; Lourenco, Stella F. – Developmental Science, 2017
It is surprising that there are inconsistent findings of transitive inference (TI) in young infants given that non-linguistic species succeed on TI tests. To conclusively test for TI in infants, we developed a task within the social domain, with which infants are known to show sophistication. We familiarized 10- to 13-month-olds (M = 11.53 months)…
Descriptors: Inferences, Infants, Control Groups, Tests
Barnes, Jessica J.; Woolrich, Mark W.; Baker, Kate; Colclough, Giles L.; Astle, Duncan E. – Developmental Science, 2016
Functional connectivity is the statistical association of neuronal activity time courses across distinct brain regions, supporting specific cognitive processes. This coordination of activity is likely to be highly important for complex aspects of cognition, such as the communication of fluctuating task goals from higher-order control regions to…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Children, Brain, Cognitive Processes
Bugden, Stephanie; Ansari, Daniel – Developmental Science, 2016
In the present study we examined whether children with Developmental Dyscalculia (DD) exhibit a deficit in the so-called "Approximate Number System" (ANS). To do so, we examined a group of elementary school children who demonstrated persistent low math achievement over 4 years and compared them to typically developing (TD), aged-matched…
Descriptors: Learning Disabilities, Children, Spatial Ability, Short Term Memory
Demir, Özlem Ece; Prado, Jérôme; Booth, James R. – Developmental Science, 2015
We examined the relation of parental socioeconomic status (SES) to the neural bases of subtraction in school-age children (9- to 12-year-olds). We independently localized brain regions subserving verbal versus visuo-spatial representations to determine whether the parental SES-related differences in children's reliance on these neural…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Children, Cognitive Processes, Arithmetic
Belmonti, Vittorio; Cioni, Giovanni; Berthoz, Alain – Developmental Science, 2015
Navigational and reaching spaces are known to involve different cognitive strategies and brain networks, whose development in humans is still debated. In fact, high-level spatial processing, including allocentric location encoding, is already available to very young children, but navigational strategies are not mature until late childhood. The…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Navigation, Spatial Ability, Hypothesis Testing
Markant, Julie; Amso, Dima – Developmental Science, 2013
The present study examined the hypothesis that inhibitory visual selection mechanisms play a vital role in memory by limiting distractor interference during item encoding. In Experiment 1a we used a modified spatial cueing task in which 9-month-old infants encoded multiple category exemplars in the contexts of an attention orienting mechanism…
Descriptors: Visual Stimuli, Role, Memory, Spatial Ability
Opfer, John E.; Thompson, Clarissa A.; Furlong, Ellen E. – Developmental Science, 2010
Numeric magnitudes often bias adults' spatial performance. Partly because the direction of this bias (left-to-right versus right-to-left) is culture-specific, it has been assumed that the orientation of spatial-numeric associations is a late development, tied to reading practice or schooling. Challenging this assumption, we found that preschoolers…
Descriptors: Spatial Ability, Organizations (Groups), Preschool Education, Evaluation
O'Reilly, Michelle; Vollmer, Brigitte; Vargha-Khadem, Faraneh; Neville, Brian; Connelly, Alan; Wyatt, John; Timms, Chris; De Haan, Michelle – Developmental Science, 2010
Many studies report chronic deficits in visual processing in children born preterm. We investigated whether functional abnormalities in visual processing exist in children born preterm but without major neuromotor impairment (i.e. cerebral palsy). Twelve such children (less than 33 weeks gestation or birthweight less than 1000 g) without major…
Descriptors: Cognitive Tests, Premature Infants, Visual Acuity, Depth Perception
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