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Giacomo Bignardi; Silvana Mareva; Duncan E. Astle – Developmental Science, 2024
Parental socioeconomic status (SES) is a well-established predictor of children's neurocognitive development. Several theories propose that specific cognitive skills are particularly vulnerable. However, this can be challenging to test, because cognitive assessments are not pure measures of distinct neurocognitive processes, and scores across…
Descriptors: Socioeconomic Status, Parent Background, Predictor Variables, Cognitive Ability
Keller, Arielle S.; Mackey, Allyson P.; Pines, Adam; Fair, Damien; Feczko, Eric; Hoffmann, Mauricio S.; Salum, Giovanni A.; Barzilay, Ran; Satterthwaite, Theodore D. – Developmental Science, 2023
Individual differences in cognitive abilities emerge early during development, and children with poorer cognition are at increased risk for adverse outcomes as they enter adolescence. Caregiving plays an important role in supporting cognitive development, yet it remains unclear how specific types of caregiving behaviors may shape cognition,…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Caregiver Role, Cognitive Development, Family Income
Starr, Ariel; Leib, Elena R.; Younger, Jessica W.; Project iLead Consortium; Uncapher, Melina R.; Bunge, Silvia A. – Developmental Science, 2023
Relational thinking, the ability to represent abstract, generalizable relations, is a core component of reasoning and human cognition. Relational thinking contributes to fluid reasoning and academic achievement, particularly in the domain of math. However, due to the complex nature of many fluid reasoning tasks, it has been difficult to determine…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, Executive Function, Task Analysis, Mathematics Skills
Duval, Philippe Eon; Fornari, Eleonora; Décaillet, Marion; Ledoux, Jean-Baptiste; Beaty, Roger E.; Denervaud, Solange – Developmental Science, 2023
Fostering creative minds has always been a premise to ensure adaptation to new challenges of human civilization. While some alternative educational settings (i.e., Montessori) were shown to nurture creative skills, it is unknown how they impact underlying brain mechanisms across the school years. This study assessed creative thinking and…
Descriptors: Creative Thinking, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Diagnostic Tests, Tests
Bohn, Manuel; Tessler, Michael Henry; Kordt, Clara; Hausmann, Tom; Frank, Michael C. – Developmental Science, 2023
Pragmatic abilities are fundamental to successful language use and learning. Individual differences studies contribute to understanding the psychological processes involved in pragmatic reasoning. Small sample sizes, insufficient measurement tools, and a lack of theoretical precision have hindered progress, however. Three studies addressed these…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Pragmatics, Language Aptitude, Psychological Patterns
Weiss, Staci Meredith; Marshall, Peter J. – Developmental Science, 2023
The development of the ability to anticipate--as manifested by preparatory actions and neural activation related to the expectation of an upcoming stimulus--may play a key role in the ontogeny of cognitive skills more broadly. This preregistered study examined anticipatory brain potentials and behavioral responses (reaction time; RT) to…
Descriptors: Brain Hemisphere Functions, Cognitive Ability, Reaction Time, Case Studies
Cubillo, Ana; Hermes, Henning; Berger, Eva; Winkel, Kirsten; Schunk, Daniel; Fehr, Ernst; Hare, Todd A. – Developmental Science, 2023
The potential benefits and mechanistic effects of working memory training (WMT) in children are the subject of much research and debate. We show that after five weeks of school-based, adaptive WMT 6-9 year-old primary school children had greater activity in prefrontal and striatal brain regions, higher task accuracy, and reduced intra-individual…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Comparative Analysis, Academic Achievement, Well Being
Viktorsson, Charlotte; Lindskog, Marcus; Li, Danyang; Tammimies, Kristiina; Taylor, Mark J.; Ronald, Angelica; Falck-Ytter, Terje – Developmental Science, 2023
The ability to perceive approximate numerosity is present in many animal species, and emerges early in human infants. Later in life, it is moderately heritable and associated with mathematical abilities, but the etiology of the Approximate Number System (ANS) and its degree of independence from other cognitive abilities in infancy is unknown.…
Descriptors: Infants, Numeracy, Genetics, Environmental Influences
Griffiths, Sarah; Kievit, Rogier A.; Norbury, Courtenay – Developmental Science, 2022
Mutualism is a developmental theory that posits positive reciprocal relationships between distinct cognitive abilities during development. It predicts that abilities such as language and reasoning will influence each other's rates of growth. This may explain why children with Language Disorders also tend to have lower than average non-verbal…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Child Development, Nonverbal Ability, Cognitive Development
Arredondo, Maria M.; Aslin, Richard N.; Werker, Janet F. – Developmental Science, 2022
A bilingual environment is associated with changes in the brain's structure and function. Some suggest that bilingualism also improves higher-cognitive functions in infants as young as 6-months, yet whether this effect is associated with changes in the infant brain remains unknown. In the present study, we measured brain activity using functional…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Cognitive Ability, Infants, Spectroscopy
Zhao, T. Christina; Corrigan, Neva M.; Yarnykh, Vasily L.; Kuhl, Patricia K. – Developmental Science, 2022
The development of skills related to executive function (EF) in infancy, including their emergence, underlying neural mechanisms, and interconnections to other cognitive skills, is an area of increasing research interest. Here, we report on findings from a multidimensional dataset demonstrating that infants' behavioral performance on a flexible…
Descriptors: Infants, Executive Function, Skill Development, Cognitive Ability
Garon, Nancy; Zwaigenbaum, Lonnie; Bryson, Susan E.; Smith, Isabel M.; Brian, Jessica; Roncadin, Caroline; Vaillancourt, Tracy; Armstrong, Vickie L.; Sacrey, Lori-Ann R.; Roberts, Wendy – Developmental Science, 2022
Research concerning temperament in children and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has suggested a consistent profile of low positive affect, high negative affect, and low regulation (Visser et al., 2016). One area receiving less attention is individual differences among children diagnosed with ASD. The primary objective of this study was…
Descriptors: Self Control, Infants, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Individual Differences
Dumont, Émilie; Castellanos-Ryan, Natalie; Parent, Sophie; Jacques, Sophie; Séguin, Jean R.; Zelazo, Philip David – Developmental Science, 2022
Whereas accuracy is used as an indicator of cognitive flexibility in preschool-age children, reaction time (RT), or a combination of accuracy and RT, provide better indices of performance as children transition to school. Theoretical models and cross-sectional studies suggest that a speed-accuracy tradeoff may be operating across this transition,…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Preschool Children, Cognitive Ability, Reaction Time
Nin, Verónica; Delgado, Hernán; Muniz-Terrera, Graciela; Carboni, Alejandra – Developmental Science, 2022
Executive functions (EF), either conceptualized as skills involved in regulation of cognition and emotion in service of goal-oriented behavior, or reductively as working memory, flexibility and inhibitory control, are commonly invoked constructs in developmental science. Two main traditions on EFs measurement prevail, one consisting of ratings…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Cognitive Measurement, Behavior Rating Scales, Preschool Children
Zeytinoglu, Selin; Calkins, Susan D.; Leerkes, Esther M. – Developmental Science, 2022
This study examined autonomic profiles in preschoolers (N = 278, age = 4.7 years) and their relations to self-regulation outcomes concurrently and one year later, in kindergarten. Children's sympathetic (preejection period [PEP]) and parasympathetic activity (respiratory sinus arrythmia [RSA]) were measured at rest and during cognitive and…
Descriptors: Profiles, Preschool Children, Self Control, Kindergarten