Examines reasons for community colleges' return to mandatory testing and placement in courses/programs where students have a reasonable expectation of success. Looks at the use and success of other retention strategies, including orientation programs, tutors, and integrated support services. (DMM)

Focuses on the different institutions that provide postcompulsory education and training around the world. Summarizes international patterns of governance and organization, enrollment trends, financing methods, faculty characteristics, and curricula for short cycle education. (MAB)

Reviews the literature on trends in community college finance, focusing on trends in support patterns, expenditures, state funding, tuition, student loans and default rates, adult education funding, federal support, and comparable practices in other nations. (DMM)