Research has shown that dietary patterns and obesity are associated with cognitive deficits. The present study examined the extent to which undergraduate students' tendency to overeat was associated with difficulties in cognitive functioning. Participants (n = 300) completed an online survey that assessed the relationship of dietary patterns to various aspects of psychological functioning. Regression analyses revealed that students' perceived tendency to overeat was negatively associated with their perceived ability to concentrate on academic tasks ([beta] = -2.73, p = 0.007) and level of cognitive functioning during daily activities ([beta] = -2.93, p = 0.004), even after controlling for such factors as body mass index and tendency toward uncontrolled eating. The results suggest that overeating, independent of obesity and difficulties in the self-regulation of eating, may be associated with cognitive deficits. Implications of the findings are discussed along with its limitations. Historical references to the possibility that overeating may undermine cognitive functioning are also presented.