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Röer, Jan Philipp; Bell, Raoul; Buchner, Axel; Saint-Aubin, Jean; Sonier, René-Pierre; Marsh, John E.; Moore, Stuart B.; Kershaw, Matthew B. A.; Ljung, Robert; Arnström, Sebastian – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2022
Visual-verbal serial recall is disrupted when task-irrelevant background speech has to be ignored. Contrary to previous suggestion, it has recently been shown that the magnitude of disruption may be accentuated by the semantic properties of the irrelevant speech. Sentences ending with unexpected words that did not match the preceding semantic…
Descriptors: Semantics, Recall (Psychology), Serial Ordering, English
Beaman, C. Philip; Campbell, Tom; Marsh, John E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2021
Data on orienting and habituation to irrelevant sound can distinguish between task-specific and general accounts of auditory distraction: Distractors either disrupt specific cognitive processes (e.g., Jones, 1993; Salamé & Baddeley, 1982), or remove more general-purpose attentional resources from any attention-demanding task (e.g., Cowan,…
Descriptors: Orientation, Habituation, Auditory Stimuli, Attention
Meng, Zhu; Lan, Zebo; Yan, Guoli; Marsh, John E.; Liversedge, Simon P. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Task-irrelevant background sound can disrupt performance of visually based cognitive tasks. The cross-modal breakdown of attentional selectivity in the context of reading was addressed using analyses of eye movements. Moreover, the study addressed whether task-sensitivity to distraction via background speech on reading was modulated by the…
Descriptors: Speech Acts, Language Processing, Task Analysis, Reading Processes
Hughes, Robert W.; Marsh, John E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Two experiments critically examined a predictive-coding based account of the vulnerability of short-term memory (STM) to auditory distraction, particularly the disruptive effect of changing-state sound on verbal serial recall. Experiment 1 showed that providing participants with the opportunity to predict the contents of an imminent spoken…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Short Term Memory, Prediction, Acoustics
Marsh, John E.; Yang, Jingqi; Qualter, Pamela; Richardson, Cassandra; Perham, Nick; Vachon, François; Hughes, Robert W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2018
Task-irrelevant speech impairs short-term serial recall appreciably. On the interference-by-process account, the processing of physical (i.e., precategorical) changes in speech yields order cues that conflict with the serial-ordering process deployed to perform the serial recall task. In this view, the postcategorical properties (e.g., phonology,…
Descriptors: Auditory Perception, Task Analysis, Serial Ordering, Recall (Psychology)
Vachon, François; Labonté, Katherine; Marsh, John E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
The occurrence of an unexpected, infrequent sound in an otherwise homogeneous auditory background tends to disrupt the ongoing cognitive task. This "deviation effect" is typically explained in terms of attentional capture whereby the deviant sound draws attention away from the focal activity, regardless of the nature of this activity.…
Descriptors: Attention, Auditory Stimuli, Verbal Stimuli, Short Term Memory
Hughes, Robert W.; Marsh, John E. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2017
A functional, perceptual-motor, account of serial short-term memory (STM) is examined by investigating the way in which an irrelevant spoken sequence interferes with verbal serial recall. Even with visual list-presentation, verbal serial recall is particularly susceptible to disruption by irrelevant spoken stimuli that have the same identity…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Interference (Learning), Recall (Psychology), Serial Learning
Marsh, John E.; Hughes, Robert W.; Jones, Dylan M. – Cognition, 2009
Distraction by irrelevant background sound of visually-based cognitive tasks illustrates the vulnerability of attentional selectivity across modalities. Four experiments centred on auditory distraction during tests of memory for visually-presented semantic information. Meaningful irrelevant speech disrupted the free recall of semantic…
Descriptors: Semantics, Semiotics, Memory, Attention
Marsh, John E.; Hughes, Robert W.; Sörqvist, Patrik; Beaman, C. Philip; Jones, Dylan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
Two experiments examined the extent to which erroneous recall blocks veridical recall using, as a vehicle for study, the disruptive impact of distractors that are semantically similar to a list of words presented for free recall. Instructing participants to avoid erroneous recall of to-be-ignored spoken distractors attenuated their recall but this…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Recall (Psychology), Experiments, Semantics
Marsh, John E.; Sörqvist, Patrik; Hodgetts, Helen M.; Beaman, C. Philip; Jones, Dylan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2015
How is semantic memory influenced by individual differences under conditions of distraction? This question was addressed by observing how participants recalled visual target words-drawn from a single category-while ignoring spoken distractor words that were members of either the same or a different (single) category. Working memory capacity (WMC)…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Semantics, Cognitive Processes
Jones, Dylan M.; Marsh, John E.; Hughes, Robert W. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2012
We show that retrieval from semantic memory is vulnerable even to the mere presence of speech. Irrelevant speech impairs semantic fluency--namely, lexical retrieval cued by a semantic category name--but only if it is meaningful (forward speech compared to reversed speech or words compared to nonwords). Moreover, speech related semantically to the…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Memory, Recall (Psychology), Vocabulary
Hughes, Robert W.; Marsh, John E.; Jones, Dylan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2009
The mechanisms underlying the poorer serial recall of talker-variable lists (e.g., alternating female-male voices) as compared with single-voice lists were examined. We tested the novel hypothesis that this "talker variability effect" arises from the tendency for perceptual organization to partition the list into streams based on voice…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Recall (Psychology), Males, Females