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Koh, Poh Wee; Chen, Xi; Cummins, James; Li, Jia – Canadian Modern Language Review, 2017
This study examined the performance of Mandarin-speaking students in a K-Grade 4 50/50 Chinese/English bilingual program. The program was intended to facilitate students' learning of English and their adjustment to English-medium instruction within the school context. The bilingual-program students were compared to students from Mandarin-speaking…
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Mandarin Chinese
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Cummins, James – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1978
A study based on two hypotheses: (1) The cognitive and academic effects of bilingualism are mediated by the levels of competence attained in the first and second languages, and (2) the development of skills in a second language is a function of skills already developed in the first language. (AMH)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Bilingualism, Cognitive Processes, Elementary Secondary Education
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Cummins, James – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1978
A discussion of the effect of an immersion program on the majority language child. Research is reviewed on the "threshold hypothesis" and "the developmental interdependence hypothesis." Recent studies of the cognitive and academic effects of bilingualism are critically examined in the light of these hypotheses. A bibliography…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Bilingual Education, Bilingual Students, Bilingualism
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Cummins, James – Canadian Modern Language Review, 1977
A brief discussion of delayed instruction in native language reading in immersion programs where second language reading instruction is introduced in grade one. It is noted that long-term effects on a child's interest in reading and the extent of parental involvement in the reading process have not been investigated. (AMH)
Descriptors: Immersion Programs, Language Instruction, Language Programs, Learning Motivation