Humor--and communication itself--when translating from one language to another, depends on an accumulation of shared understandings about how people say things in a given culture. Examples are given in translations of Portuguese to English and English to Portuguese. (CB)

The linguistic complexity of humor is illustrated with examples of word play translated from French to English and English to French. Examples from the writings of James Joyce and Marcel Proust are highlighted. (CB)

Reviews issues to be considered in determining the order of meanings for a lexeme in a dictionary entry and compares techniques for deciding order. Types of ordering include importance, frequency, logical ordering, dominant meaning, syntactic, and historical. (MSE)

Discusses the methods of the pioneers of language study in the Bantu-speaking areas of Africa, criticizes their approaches to presenting information about African languages in lexical form, and notes that bilingual dictionaries are not adapted to the needs of African people. Suggests some technical procedures for future lexicographers to follow.…

Discusses current trends in translation, including translation in the United States, standardization of international terminology, and machine translation. Speculates on some future trends. (EKN)