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Direct linkMoller, Jens; Retelsdorf, Jan; Koller, Olaf; Marsh, Herb W. – American Educational Research Journal, 2011
The reciprocal internal/external frame of reference model (RI/EM) combines the internal/external frame of reference model and the reciprocal effects model. The RI/EM predicts positive effects of mathematics and verbal achievement and academic self-concepts (ASC) on subsequent mathematics and verbal achievements and ASCs within domains and negative…
Descriptors: Grades (Scholastic), Self Concept, Academic Achievement, Models
Peer reviewedMarsh, Herbert W.; Koller, Olaf; Baumert, Jurgen – American Educational Research Journal, 2001
Used longitudinal data from large cohorts of East and West German students, 2,778 seventh graders in 161 classrooms, to evaluate how the reunification of Germany affects self-concept formation. Results show how system-wide educational policy differences, the initiation of a selective school system and the institutionalization of different…
Descriptors: Educational Environment, Educational Policy, Foreign Countries, Junior High School Students
